Haiti, Part 1: Devastation

  

Seven months have passed since the catastrophic earthquake shook and razed Haiti. Now when I think about Haiti, my home, I reflect on the hundreds of thousands of lives lost. More than 220,000 people died. More than 300,000 were injured. Many people have donated time and money to help rebuild this struggling country; however, more than half a year has passed and by expert accounts 1.5 million Haitians are homeless and living in tents. Those with homes still sleep outside in the rain out of fear that their home could collapse at any given moment. 

1,500,000 Haitians continue to live in tents. Photo by Pascale Saint-Louis

The population of the Republic of Haiti is approximately 9 million, and after learning that 1 out 9 Haitians are still homeless, I knew I needed to help correct the mistakes of the current construction practices. Haiti, which occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola, located between Puerto Rico to the east and Jamaica and Cuba to the west, has the dual dangers of seismic and hurricane threats.  

Now, hurricane season poses great threats ranging from the pure danger of exposure during storms with high winds and heavy rains to illnesses resulting from excessive moisture and unsanitary conditions, which I experienced firsthand when I caught malaria on a recent trip for a family reunion, a reunion that was more of a consolation. The same family home I had visited every other year since I was five years old collapsed and killed half my family. To me, the word “Haiti” has become synonymous with devastation.

Yet, this catastrophe inspired me to investigate design and construction for seismic and hurricane conditions so that I could help salvage and rebuild the devastation that I call home. I want to assist the engineers, contractors, and ordinary citizens, who are in the process of rebuilding, with key seismic and wind load design factors to make their new homes more structurally capable to withstand such unforgiving forces. But first I needed to understand the foremost construction methods, and then I could ultimately communicate to the country of my heritage how to build secure homes.  I will elucidate this process and my findings in two upcoming posts.

Where does your garden grow?

 

By James Way

Tattfoo Tan, who I’ve written about previously, assembled a panel to discuss urban gardening at the Arario Gallery. I showed up expecting that the afore-unidentified panelists would provide tips on starting, maintaining, and harvesting urban greenery. On that front, I left as ignorant as I arrived. But, what I did get were a handful of activists who have made urban gardens their projects, either as a sustainability issue, access to fresh foods, or reconnecting urban dwellers to the fundamentals of nature.

L to R: Andrew Casner, Aki Hirata-Baker, Derek Denckla, and Daniel Bowman

Andrew Casner, an artist and urban gardener, uses his city plot to grow food and make art through organic processes, such as the mounds of dirt and vegetation eroding paper.

Aki Hirata-Baker, co-founder of Adopt-A-Farmbox, builds and donates farm boxes—made from 100% recycled materials—to local schools and community institutions. The mini-farms reconnect people with food.  She cited a study that estimates approximately three million New Yorkers have limited access to fresh foods and are vulnerable to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The best way to overcome these risks is exposure to healthier food options. Focusing on gardening, she is convinced “food is a catalyst for learning about other forms of sustainable activities.”

Derek Denckla, an all-around green activist, advocates using empty lots, underused land, and rooftops for urban gardens. In his researching and exploring best practices in urban agriculture he launched Farm City as both an online and real time forum for workshops, events, and resources. While experienced with sustainable buildings, Derek focuses on food because “food has a daily impact beyond buildings— a massive environmental impact.”

Daniel Bowman Simon, who began composting as a Peace Corps volunteer, has been campaigning tirelessly for a people’s garden at Manhattan City Hall. I’ve seen him at Pecha Kucha, the The City We Imagined exhibition opening; if it’s somewhat related to architecture, design, horticulture, health food he’s there with petition in hand.

While I may have missed the planting season this year, I now have a list of resources where I can get further information.

Tuning into ASHRAE 90.1

 

By James Way

I’ve been lollygagging on studying for my LEED exam so when I heard there was going to be a panel discussing ASHRAE 90.1, which provides a minimum standard of energy use in buildings and their systems (except low-rise residential), I couldn’t think of a better way to get back into it. It’s kind of like those vegetables you didn’t want to eat as a kid; they don’t taste so great, but they’re good for health.

ASHRAE 90.1 presented as part of the "101 Integration" lecture series at the Center for Architecture

The lecture, full of facts and charts, elucidated the standard shaping the future of energy efficient buildings. The third of five in the 101: Integration lecture series at the Center for Architecture, ASHRAE 90.1 101 brought together engineers Mike Waite, of Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, and Fiona Cousins, a principal at Arup, with our own Ilana Judah, who moderated the event, to give an detailed overview of one of our industry’s most valuable energy standards.

While giving background on the standard, such as that they were conceived and formalized within two years as a result of the 1973 oil crisis, the lecture surveyed sections 6 through 11, hinted at future changes, and cautioned about common mistakes, such as referencing them too late in the design process, ignoring thermal bridging, or using center-of-glass averages rather than the full light.

Even amidst the inventory of voltage drops, water usage, insulation requirements, orientation rotations, and prescriptive and load calculations the experts answered the audience’s questions on interpreting the standards and suggested best practices given various scenarios. One thing absolutely clear is that buildings use over 50% of our energy resources nationally and only a tiny fraction of that is renewable. Thus, ASHRAE 90.1-2010 targets 30% less energy usage than the 2004 version with increased stringency and an expanded scope. Considerations looming further in the future include on-site renewable resources, advancing technologies in glass, and more integration.

However, much sooner than later, expect the new version: ASHRAE 90.1-2010.

ACE Mentoring

 

FXFOWLE completed a successful year participating in the esteemed Architecture, Construction and Engineering Mentoring Program (ACE). Since its conception in 1994, ACE has expanded to 200 cities across the United States and has connected over 60,000 students with industry professionals.  FXFOWLE teamed with Thorton Tomasetti, Tishman Construction, WSP Flack & Kurtz, and 26 students from New York City public and private schools in this year’s program.

As one of the youngest participants in the FXFOWLE team, I gained a lot of knowledge and guidance from our more experienced team members. In turn, I shared with up and coming designers what I have learned in my career so far. I presented the intermediate steps in becoming an architect to illustrate the middle of this journey that they have just begun.

Experimenting with structures

Experimenting with structures

Throughout our meetings each discipline took turns engaging the students with our respective professions. In the first meeting, students formed teams and built bridges solely of popsicle sticks, corks, pipe cleaners, and paper cups—no glue! They were surprised by how strong their designs were using only clever joints and connections.

Our team met semimonthly throughout the school year, October through May, at Tishman Construction Headquarters, where our meeting space overlooked the development of the World Trade Center Memorial and the Freedom Tower.  Using the construction site as a point of reference, the students collectively decided to design in the Hudson Yards area a 50-story mixed-use tower that ties together residential units, food courts, retail space, and a museum including a planetarium to attract pedestrians.

They presented the final project at the American Institute of Architecture Center for Architecture to a distinguished jury that included AIA New York Executive Director Rick Bell and NYC Department of Design and Construction Commissioner David Burney. 

Presentation at the Center for Architecture

The presentation showcased research about various sustainable systems including green materials, integrated shading devices and frit patterns, high performance glazing, gray water reuse systems, and rainwater harvesting. A key realization was that orientation, climate, and teamwork across all disciplines were the key components for successfully integrating these sustainable features into the design details. The students elaborated on the project’s evolution by discussing their studies of floor area ratio, zoning analysis, concrete and steel structural systems, and gravity loads through loading diagrams and shears walls. The intricate and thorough presentation also featured technical drawings of the electrical and mechanical systems and a report on the construction management’s role including cost analysis, estimates, equipment staging, and construction logistics; overall, a holistic understanding.

Sustainable strategies incorporated into the design

The project was so well received that the presentations were featured on the eOculus.

We enjoyed sharing our experiences and our firms’ works and design processes with the city’s youth and future designers. It was rewarding for me as it was a chance to expand my work outside the office into the community, especially showing that sustainability really can be a design process.  And, we could always use more volunteers!

For more information about mentoring visit: www.acementor.org




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